Improvement in force-puwips



- SuSieets--Sheet '1. L. KHCHIN..

lmprovement in Force-Pumps.

No. 128,635. Patentedmyznsm 3Sheee-8hoet2. J. L. KaTcHm Improvement'in Force-Pumps. NO. 128,635. Y Patented july 2,1872.

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certain new and useful Improvements in `and I do hereby declare that the following is l plunger. Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the stuffingv of one of the braekets,'which carry the boxes tached toboth piston and handle; and" my 'tion of many of the details of this pump univr rrron.

`JOHN L. KITOHIN, OF FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA.

IMPROVEMENT IN kFORCE-PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 128,635, dated July 2, 1872.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN L. Krrcrrnv, of Fayetteville, in the county of Cumberland and State of North Carolina, have invented Double -Acting Submerged Force -Pumps 5 such a full, clear, and exact description thereof, taken in connection withl the drawing annexed to and forming part of this specification, as will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same.

In the drawing, Figure l is a sectional view of Fig. 2,which is a front view of my improved pump. Fig. 3 is a top view thereof', the airchamber E being removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the valve-chamber pla-tes, which is also shown attached` to the cylinder-head, in dotted lines, Fig. 10. Fig. 5 is an inner face view of one of the halves ofl the piston or box plate, of which Fig. 7 is sectional view. Fig. 8 is a top view of the swiveljoint, forked handle, and pivot-pin. Fig. 9 is a front View in which the pivot-pin has its bearings. Fig. l0 is an interior view of one of the cylinderheads, of which Fig. 1l is a sectional view.

The 4same letters indicate like parts in all the gures.

My invention relates to that class of pumps in which the cylinder is submerged, the liquid being lifted by the d irect action thereon of the piston instead of by suction, and in which the tube or pipe for conveying the water forms the connecting-rod between the piston and the handle or other device by which the power is applied, the pipe being rigidly atinvention` consists in the novel construcand in the novel combination of its various parts, so as to produce a pump, effective and reliable for work, not liable to get out of repair, economical in construction, and requiring little power to manipulate it.

Numerous attempts have been made to produce pumps of the class to which mine belongs, but generally they have been defective, especially in being liable to easily get out of repair, and sometimes being inoperative unless worked in a particular manner.

For all ordinary pumps for domestic use I make the cylinder of porcelain or stoneware.

Hitherto such cylinders have been made of pressure,it cannot be annealed so as not to break spontaneously, as is well known to those who have occasion to use thick glassware. Porcelain or stoneware has none of these objections, is cheap, does not wear or cut the packing of the piston, does not corrode, and does not impregnate the water with metal. For very large pumps for manufacturing purposes I make the cylinder of iron, brass, or other metal 5 but generally my pump is designed for farm and general domestic use. By attaching a hose to the spout it becomes a good fire-engine, and is exceedingly valuable where there is not an organized fire-department, as on farms and in small towns and villages. I have hereinafter given all the details necessary for making an effective and durable pump. There may be several features which in themselves appear to be matters of small moment, yet the want of them has occasioned great loss and prevented the general use of any pump of this class.

As before stated, I use a porcelain cylinder, secured between cylinder-heads in which are grooves to receive the ends of the cylinder and suitable packing. Upon the exterior of the heads are attached plates containing va number oi'independent valve-chambers formed thereon, the edges of which fit into grooves in the head, the head having suitable ports opposite each chamber. Within the cylinder I use a piston or plunger made of two pieces, each piece being a disk, and onehalf of each of a suitable number of valvechambers made upon the interior face, which communicate through ports made in like manner,with an opening in the center ofthe piston communicating with the exit-pipe. The two disks are brought together, holding between them at their exterior edges suitable cups, and forming the complete piston, which is attached directly to the pipe. Valve-chambers being attached to the cylinder-heads at both ends, and the piston-valves working in both directions, the pump is a double-acting one. Over the top of the pipe a swivel, borne by the handle, slips, and is secured in position by nuts above and below it, being thus capable of ready adjustment as regards the stroke. The swivel has chilled journals and boxes and the handle a chilled pivot-pin. This pivot-pin works in boxes formed on brackets xed to the wooden framing of the pump, two being used. A guide-plate extends in the direction of the stroke of the handle, having a slot in which the handle works. A framing is built up of two parallel upright timbers secured together, at a suitable distance apart, by horizontal cross-pieces, upon the lower one of which the pump sits. Upon two sides of the cylinder-heads there are lugs or.ears which take into recesses cut in the upright timbers, to which the lugs are bolted. The cross-framing pieces are used at suitable distances apart, the pipe passing through and being guided by them. The valves used are by preference gum-ball valves.

The following is a full detailed description of my pump.

XXisthe cylinder ofthe pump, made of porcelain. I prefer to use porcelain for this purpose, although a plain or lined metal cylinder maybe used in connection with the other features of this improvedpump. This cylinderisby preference slightly beveled at each end upon the exterior edge. V V are the cylinder-heads, in shape approaching to a parallelogram, as shown in Fig. l0, the width being somewhat greater than the diameter of the cylinder, while the length is further increased to adord space for the lugs or ears Gr G being made 0r cast thereon for use, as hereafter set forth. These heads have ports HH, which may be square, oblong, oval, or of any suitable size and shape which will allow of the passage of water through them and around the valves, and yet retain the valves within their chambers. The plane faces of these cylinder-heads, when in position, 'are toward the cylinder and each other. Upon the plane faces of each are annular grooves or recesses T' T', which receive the ends of-the cylinder, suitable packing being first inserted therein. Upon the other side are the grooves or recesses T, one on each head, in which the edges of the valve-ch ambers a a rest. The upper and lower heads are made alike, excepting that in the upper head a central aperture is provided through which the pump-pipe D works, the lower head being solid in the center. The grooves or recesses T and T', above referred to, are not only to receive and hold the ends of the cylinder and the edges of the valve-chambers, but are also to furnish a secure receptacle for the annular packing which I use. It has been usual in pumps of this class to use the packing in the form of a disk, apertures being made thereinwhere necessary for valve-ports or other purposes. This method required a large amount of material, most of which was useless for the purposes for which the packing was requiredviz., making a tight joint. By my plan of using an annular packing placed in a groove or recess, which prevents the packing working out laterally, I make as tight a joint as by the other plan, and with much less material, placing the packing only at the very points where it is required. F F are the valve-chamber plates, there being one for each cylinderhead. Both plates are alike, excepting that upon the exterior of the upper one a projecting ring, b, is cast, surrounding the aperture through which the pipe D works, but at a little distance therefrom, the recess thus formed being used as a portion of the stuffing-box through which the pipe works. In practice I onlyT use one pattern for making the molds in which the plates are cast, as the pattern for the ring b is made detachable from the main pattern, and usedor not, as necessary. The same pipe-aperture is left in both plates, as, in the lower plate the aperture is opposite the solid central part of the head. By this plan the amount of metal needed in the lower valvechamber plate is greatly economized. Upon the inner sides of the plates are made the annular valve-chambers a a projecting therefrom and provided with suitable valve-seats and ports L. Each valve-chamber is complete in itself, and has no communication with either of the other chambers excepting through the cylinder. In this respect this construction differs from others in use, in that in such the valves, though they may or may not be separately caged, are in the same general valvechamber. I have found that, should a valve become defective, there is a less percentage of loss in the work of the pump, by'my plan, than there is by the ordinary method referred to. These valve-chamber plates and the cylinder heads are fastened together as follows: An annular gum packing, whose interior diameter equals that of the ports H, and its exterior diameter equals the width of the groove T, is placed around each port in the groove; the valves Z Z are placed in their respective chambers, and the valve-chamber plates are then placed upon the cylinder-heads so that the edge of each valve-chamber rests upon one of the gum-packings; square-headed bolts I I are then passed through the cylinder-head and valve-chamber, and the two bolted firmly together. The square heads of the nuts fit into square recesses upon the inner face of the cylinder-heads, so that when the pump-cylinder is put together a perfectly smooth surface is presented by the heads. As seen, the plates containing the valve-chambers are entirely upon the exterior of the cylinder, being attached to the heads thereof, the advantage of this being that the valve-chamber plate can be removed and the valve got at, should necessity arise therefor, without taking the cylinder to pieces, as the nut ends of the bolts which hold them to the heads are upon the outside of the plates. The stuffing-box plate C', shown partly in Fig. 1, in position in Fig. 3, and fully in Figs. 6 and 7, is a plate iiat upon its upper surface and of a length equal to the diagonal of the cylinder-head. Upon Il i i M effective.

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the underside a projecting ring, h, is made of the same diameter as the ring b on the cylinder-head, and inclosing an opening, D, through which the pipe D works. Near the top this openin g is contracted by a shoulder, g, so that its upper diameter is only enough to allow of the pipe D working readily therein. The stufling-box plate is strengthened by brackets 't' t' cast thereon. The piston or plunger is constructed of two pieces, the upper and lower 4 disks d and c, similar in all respects, except that, as with the valve-chamber plates described, each valve-chamber is separate and distinct from all the others, and that there is no communication between them excepting through the inner space'K.

Upon the inner edge of the circumference of each disk a recess is" formed, forming, when the disks are joined together, the recess Y, in which are inserted the edges of the cups ff.V Thetwo disks beingbrought together, with the cups in position, bolts M, Fig. 5, are passed through both plates, and they screwed tightly together, the edges of the recess-which, in practice, are nearer together than the reargripin g and holding the cups. The piston is then ready for attachment to the pipe. The cups referred to are so made as greatly to econoinize leather in their construction. Usually they have been a disk extending over all the piston, as in the case of the packing referred to, and with the same results; or else they have been a stripof leather, placed round the circumference of the piston,in which case they would soon wear loose and could not be kept My cups are first cut from leather as an annular washer is cuti. e., as a ring of the proper size. They are then shaped by a formen one edge being bent over at a right angle to the main body, the other edge being rounded or beveled upon the side toward the right-angled edge. The bent-over edge fitsinto the recesses of the piston, and is firmly griped by them, while the main stem or body bears against the interior of the cylinder.

In the drawing, five valves are shown in each part, but a greater or less number are used, according to the size of the pump. I prefer to use a large number of small valves instead of one large one ofV same capacity as the many small ones, as the small ones act also, as it were, as a strahlen preventing the access of any bodies to the interior of the pump which might injure it. I use ball-valves, made of India rubber. Glass valves chip and break under the constant jarrin gs which pump- Each valves receive, and the glass and metal valves are so heavy that some force is expended in overcoming their gravity, and, in fact, in pumps of this class they will not respond at all to a slow motion of the piston. On the other hand the rubber is elastic and durable, does not break or wear, and its specific gravity is so near that of the water that no force is lost in moving them, and they respond readily to every movement ofthe piston, whether the same be worked fast or slowly.

The pump proper is fastened together as follows: The cylinder-heads and valve-chambers being joined as before described, a gum packing is laid in the groove T of the lower head, andthe end of .the cylinder placed thereon. The piston, screwed onto the pipe D, is then slid into the cylinder. The upper head is then slipped over the pipe, a packing being iitted into the groove T thereof. Annular leather packings of interior and exterior diameters equal, respectively, to the diameters of the pipe D and opening D', are then slipped over the pipe and crowded into the space between b and the pipe until it is full. The large part of the openings D in the stufiin g-box plate is filled with similar packings, and slipped over the 'pipe with two or three extra packings. The

stufng-box plate is placed diagonally across the cylinder-heads, so that the bolt-holes R It come over two bolt-holes, It R, diagonally across from each other, and the ring L is directly over the ring b. Long bolts are then passed up through both cylinder-heads and the stuffing-box plate, and all screwed firmly together, the cylinder being held thereby rmly in place between them, and the pressure compresses the packing in the stuffing-box `into aV compact mass, making it water-tight, and practically indestructible. At its upper end the pipe D is screw-threaded for a distance sufficient to receive the jam-nuts P and 1?', the swivel B being between them, and also to leave room enough above P for a T-piece to be screwed on, which piece carries the spout and the air-chamber E. The swivel B is smooth on its interior surface, so as readily to slide upon thepipe D, being held in position by the nuts P P. As will be seen, this arrangement affords a ready and valuable means of adjusting the positionof the swivel upon the pipe, so that the length of stroke of piston can be made exactly equal to the length of the' cylinder, and all bumping or knocking avoided. The ordinary method of attaching the pipe to the handle or to the swivel, and of adjust-ing the same, is by set-screws. These are not reliable, wearing loose and cutting the pipe, and having other disadvantages, all of which are remedied by my arrangement. The swivel B is securely attached to the handle A, in which its journals C C work, by the process as follows: The swivel is first cast, then taken and finished, the journals C C being turned true. It is then again placed in a mold, and the handle, with its arms a n', cast therearound. By this means the journals of the swivel and its bearings are chilled, and will work with as little friction and wear as though made of regular box-metal. The fulcrum-pin O of the handle is chilled by this or any suitable method.

Hitherto great difficulty has been found in so constructing the framing of submerged pumps and attaching the pump thereto as to avoid the danger of the pump 'being racked from its place and the framing loosened. This danger is increased by the custom ofusing only one upright supporting-timber, the pump being attached thereto by lugs or fastenings upon one side only. In my framing I avoid this. In making my framing I use two upright timbers, two by six inches, extending from the bottom of the well to the top of the pump. At the bottom, and also at about every eight feet, these uprights are framed together` by crosspieces K by double mortise and tenon. The pipe works through a hole in the upper cross-l framing pieces, which also act as guides for it. The uprights are a distance apart about threefourths of an inch less than the length of the cylinder-heads, and at suitable places recesses are cut threeeighths of an inch deep, in which take the lugs G, which are also fastened by R R to the timbers.

This combination of recessing and bolting makes the firmest possible attachment of the pump to the frame, and, with the double framing and cross joining, avoids all danger of racking or loosening.

In deep wells the guides for the tube are usually iron rods, but these rust out, the rust tainting the water, and even while they do last they are not stiff and firm. As before stated, the cross-pieces in my framing furnish guides for the pipe, which do not wear-out, do not taint the water, and are rm and strong.

Upon the upper edges of the framing-timbers A A are secured the two brackets p, one on each timber. These brackets have the boxes O O', in which works the pivot-pin O of the handle. These brackets are cast two-inch face and half inch thick, bending inwardly at the top, as shown in Fig. 2, the box O being cast upon the outer face, as shown in Fig. l and upon the lower inner face is the lug p', which lits into a recess cut into the edge of the timber for the purpose of firmly attaching it to the timber, to which it is also fastened by screws or bolts s s. The inward curve of the brackets is such that when they are placed in position there shall be just room enough between them for the handle A to work readily in. W is a' guide-plate, securely fastened to the framing at equal distances above and below the boxes O O, and which is of iron, five inch face, and bent into a semicircle of six inch radius. Longitudinally in the center is the slot W', in which the handle works and by which it is guided, the sides of the slot preventing any lateral motion of or lateral strain upon the handle.

I am aware that the iron parts of pumps have been covered by a'vitreous enamel some- Jtimes called porcelain, but this enamel, while it goes under the name of porcelain, is not at all that article, as understood by the manufacturers of ceramic wares, which are known as porcelain, stone-ware, iron-stone ware, and China-ware. The wares of this class are largely composed of kaolin and are baked in an oven. While baking they contract considerably, making it impossible to unite them with the surface of iron by the enamelers process. After being baked they may be surrounded by a cylinder of wood, iron, or other material, simply for additional strength, but except under special circumstances this is not necessary.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The pump-cylinder heads, provided with grooves T and T and lugs G, substantially as set forth.

2. The valve-chamber plates, in which each valve-chamber is complete in itself and distinct from all the others, substantially as set forth.

3. The pump-cylinder, constructed of porcelain or stone-ware, substantially as set forth.

4. The annular packing, in combination with the cylinder, cylinder-heads, and valve-chamber plates, substantially as specified.

5. The cups herein described, in combination with the piston, substantially as set forth.

6. The stufiin g box plate, in combination with the upper valve-chamber plate, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of the cylinder, cylinderheads, piston, and stuffing-box plate, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. In combination with the pipe D, having the extended screw-thread, the jam-nuts P and P', and swivel B, for the purpose of lateral adjustment, substantially as herein described.

9. The swivel combined with the handle, as and by means substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of the brackets p p, having boxes O O, with the framing Al Al and the handle A, substantially as set forth.

11. In combination with the pump, its pipe, handle, and the brack'ets, the framing constructed of the uprights A A and cross-framing pieces K, substantially as set forth.

12. The guide-plate W, in combination with the handle A and framing, substantially as set forth.

13. The valve-chamber plate and valves, arranged entirely upon the exterior of the cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

14. The combination of the cylinder X, valvechamber plates F F, cylinder-heads V V, stuffing-box C', pipe D, swivel B, and jam-nuts P and P', substantially as described.

JOHN L. KITGHIN.

Witnesses:

Z. V. WLLBER, F. W. RITTER, Jr. 

